Murder in Brazil #7

Or was it suicide?

Probably suicide.

But one woman tells a different story.

Read on.

Gitúlio Vargas was one of Brazil’s most fascinating political figures.

After serving the country as an absolute dictator for just short of fifteen years, he voluntarily left office in October of 1945. Then, only a little over five years later, he was democratically-elected for a term that lasted almost  an additional four years.

In total, among Brazil’s heads of government, only the Emporer Dom Pedro II served his country longer.

Vargas moved the country from an agrarian society to an industrial one.

He passed labor laws that exist until today, earning him the sobriquet “The Father of the Poor”.

He firmed fast bonds with the United States and supported the allied cause in the Second World War by sending troops to Italy to fight the Germans.

He did a number of other things as well, many of them not quite so nice.

He is still regarded as Brazil’s most influential politician of the twentieth century.

But he was one with many enemies.

And was under pressure to resign.

He’d refused and had publicly announced that the only way he’d leave office was dead.

Which is exactly what happened:

On the night of his demise, the 24^th of August, 1954, he was in this building…

the Palacio do Catete, in Rio de Janeiro, the mansion that then served as the Brazilian President’s Residence.

 More specifically he was here:

In his third-floor bedroom, dressed in the nightshirt you can see in the glass case.

There was a shot.

Entering the room, his bodyguard found the president lying in bed with a bullet though his heart.

 And with this pistol in his hand.

On a night table, next to the bed, and in the President’s handwriting, was a note written in pencil. It was a form of testament that ended thus:

“I offer you my death. I fear nothing. Serenely I take the first step onto the path of eternity and depart life to enter into history.”

A clear case, everyone said at the time, of suicide.

But the President, although he’d married Darcy Lima Sarmanho in 1911,

and she bore him five children, and survived him for a number of years, was known as a lady’s man.

It is said that the great love of his life ( although she never confirmed or denied it ) was Aimée de Heeren, a woman with a fascinating life of her own: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimée_de_Heeren 

And, on the night of his death, another woman, an actress and singer who called herself Virginia Lane...

...with whom he’d been carrying-on an affair for almost a decade, swore she was in bed with him when four masked men broke into the room and shot him.

She first spoke of this in 2007, more than half a century after the event.

And announced she was going to write a book about it.

She never did.

Leighton - Monday

Casablanca - A Brazilian Footnote

The conference took place between the 14^th and the 24^th of January, 1943.

Winston Churchill proposed it.

 The location selected was the Anfa Hotel in the Moroccan city of Casablanca.

Stalin was invited to come, but refused, claiming he had his hands full with Stalingrad.

Both Charles de Gaulle and Henri Giraud were there, each of them claiming to speak for the Free French. The two Frenchmen hated each other, and although President Franklin D. Roosevelt convinced them to shake hands for the cameras, their mutual dislike still comes through in the photographs.

As for Roosevelt himself, he got there with the help of the Brazilians.

 And a spectacular piece of aeronautical machinery, the Boeing 314, the longest-range aircraft of its time.

Roosevelt was no stranger to Brazil. He’d been the first serving American President to visit the country when he came to address the Brazilian congress in Rio de Janeiro in November of 1936. That led to an alliance in which the United States was permitted to establish a base for the 314s in the closest place on this side of the Atlantic to the African landmass. It was christened Parnamirim Field, became vital in the effort to supply allied troops during the invasion of North Africa and grew, for a short time, to be the busiest airport in the world, with flights taking off and landing every three minutes.

It also became the largest US airbase outside of American territory.

During the war as many as 5,000 troops were stationed there – and another 42,000 passed through – making a considerable impact on a little town that had numbered only 55,000 inhabitants before the war began.

Here are a few American military guys drinking at the Grand Hotel.

The hotel is gone, but the church you saw in the background of the shot is still there.

During the war, as in all wars, there were many love stories.

Inspiring the poet Mauro Mota to write this:

“Meninas, tristes meninas,

vossos dramas recordai,

quando eles no armistício,

Vos disseram “Goodbye”.

Ouvireis a vida toda

A ressonancia do choro

Dos vossos filhos sem pai”.

Despite the impression you might have gotten from Elizabeth Barrett Browning, whose Sonnets From The Portuguese aren’t from the Portuguese at all, most of this country’s poems aren’t easy to translate into English. The art of it goes beyond my meager powers, particularly in rhyme.

But here’s the meaning (with a few liberties):

Women, sad young women,

Think back on your desolation

When, at the war’s end,

They told you “Goodbye”.

The cries of your children

Without fathers

Will echo within you

Your whole life long.

Roosevelt’s outward-bound journey was the first time an American president ever traveled by air while in office. On the twelfth of January, 1943, he departed from Miami and made an overnight stop in Belem.

Upon his return, his Clipper landed in the sea, near Parnamirim, and Brazil’s President, Gitulio Vargas, journeyed north to meet him.

They toured the town in a jeep.

On his journey home, on the 30^th of January, 1943, the aircraft’s crew surprised him with a cake.

It was the President’s sixty-first birthday.

Okay, okay, in case you feel the title of the post has lured you here under false pretenses, here are a few things you might not have known about the film.

It went into general release on the 24^th of January, just as the conference was coming to an end. That was on purpose, an attempt to capitalize on the headlines. It wasn't exactly a failure, but it wasn't a smash success either. It became only the seventh best-grossing feature of the year. The Office of War Information prohibited showing it to the troops in North Africa, fearing it might generate resentment on the part of Vichy supporters in the region.

But, partly as a result of publicity generated by Roosevelt’s visit, it did very well in Brazil.

Leighton - Monday